Skin cancer is the abnormal growth of cells on the skin. It can appear as discolored, irregular, bleeding or painful moles or bumps on the skin. If not treated, it can spread to other parts of the body.

There are two types of skin cancer:

Non-melanoma cancer accounts for approximately 50% of all skin cancer cases. It starts at basal cells or squamous cells, which are located at the base of the outer layer of skin or they cover the body’s internal and external surfaces. Non-melanoma cancer usually occurs on areas of the body that are frequently exposed to the sun. It can spread quickly or slowly depending on its type but non-melanoma cancers rarely spread to other parts of the body. They are highly treatable and even curable if detected early.

Melanoma is the rarer of the two types of skin cancer. In 2010, 8,700 of the 11,790 skin cancer deaths resulted from melanoma. This cancer starts in the melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin or skin pigment. Because of its relationship with skin color, melanoma is more common among individuals with fair skin. Additionally, people with abnormal moles, a high number of moles, and people with a history of severe sunburns are more likely to develop melanoma. If caught early, melanoma can be treated.

People can reduce their risks of both types of skin cancer by limiting sun exposure. Avoid sun exposure when the sun is at its peak between the hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Stay in the shade whenever possible. Wear a shirt or swimsuit cover-up to cover as much skin as possible. Wear a brimmed hat that covers the head, neck, and ears. Wear sunglasses. Use sunscreen generously and reapply after swimming, sweating or toweling off. These practices are important not only at the beach, but whenever you are outdoors. The sun is emitting UV light even on overcast days. Additionally, artificial UV light sources like tanning beds should be avoided.