Eczema is a type of skin rash characterized by itchy, red, irritated patches. In severe cases, the rash can ooze, flake, and cause the skin to thicken. Children are most often affected but adults can be affected as well. The condition is worsened by other irritants and allergens. As the symptoms persist, the skin becomes more porous and allows irritants to penetrate it, causing an immune response. Many sufferers also have other allergic conditions, like asthma and hay fever.

Eczema is also known as atopic dermatitis. The exact cause is not known but it is commonly found in families with a history of other allergic conditions. Children born with the condition will often outgrow it before the age of ten. For other people, it may persist into adulthood.

People with a history of atopic dermatitis can experience flare-ups, during which time the itching and inflammation is intensified, often as a result of contact with allergens or materials, temperature changes,  or stress. Rough fabrics may trigger a flare-up for some sufferers. Household cleaning products or detergents with fragrances may worsen symptoms. Animal dander can cause an outbreak. Even respiratory conditions, like common colds, can cause the skin to flare up.

To keep the condition under control, people should use fragrance-free detergents and soaps, avoid harsh cleaning products, and try to create a dust-free, dander-free environment. Taking anti-histamines and applying topical hydrocortisone creams can help subdue the symptoms of eczema. Because the skin becomes very dry, a humidifier and body lotion can be used to keep the skin moist. Cold compresses may relieve itching.

In some cases, prescription drugs are needed to control the symptoms of eczema. Oral medications or prescriptions ointments may be used to reduce inflammation. Medications in addition to a regular skin care regimen can reduce the occurrence of flare-ups. Each person may have different triggers but a dermatologist can help find a course of treatment that works for each individual.